Foreign public documents submitted in the Digital Nomad Residence file generally need an apostille (Hague Convention) followed by a sworn translation into Spanish (traducción jurada). Getting this combination right is the most common point of failure in applications.
Apostille issuer
Designated authority in the country that issued the document
Translation issuer
Spanish-registered traductor jurado (MAEC list)
Order
Apostille first, then sworn translation
Validity
Translation is permanent; underlying document validity still applies
Apostille the document
Send the original to the apostille authority of the issuing country (FCDO, US Dept of State, MFA, etc.).
Order a sworn translation
Choose a translator from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAEC) list. The translation must include the apostille.
Bundle for submission
Always submit the apostilled original together with its sworn translation in the same PDF.
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See the complete Spain Digital Nomad Visa guide or browse the full document checklist.